10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. The number of maternal deaths in 1 year from puerperal causes (such as those associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium) within 42 days after delivery divided by the number of live births in that same year. I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? prevalence, point the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at a single point in time. rates of infection. sample a selected subset of a population a sample can be random or nonrandom and representative or nonrepresentative. epidemic the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a particular period. Cheers! The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. {\displaystyle \beta } portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). 0 votes. passive surveillance see surveillance, passive. is the average age of infection. descriptive epidemiology see epidemiology, descriptive. Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. suggest new. discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. All rights reserved. No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. According to Word Health Organization (WHO) data, infant mortality caused by Succedaneum Caput infection decreased by 0.05% from 4 million infants who died at 30 days (advanced neonatal). a performance that didn't rate very high. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. {\displaystyle \lambda } standard error (of the mean) the standard deviation of a theoretical distribution of sample means of a variable around the true population mean of that variable. It is used as a test of airway obstruction. prevalence rates. scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. evaluation systematic and objective examination of activities to determine their relevance, effectiveness, and impact. case definition a set of uniformly applied criteria for determining whether a person should be identified as having a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. The rate of becoming infected ( confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way (see also outbreak). environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. attribute a risk factor that is an intrinsic characteristic of the individual person, animal, plant, or other type of organism under study (e.g., genetic susceptibility, age, sex, breed, weight). age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. The exposure period can be brief or can extend over days, weeks, or longer, with the exposure being either intermittent or continuous. Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! neonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, neonatal. alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. determinant any factor that brings about change in a health condition or in other defined characteristics (see also cause and risk factor). applied epidemiology see epidemiology, applied. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). survey a systematic canvassing of persons to collect information, often from a representative sample of the population. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. Which area in the Western Hemisphere has the highest HIV, The coauthors of the report published in Health Affairs found that hepatitis C, (20) This trial found no significant difference in, In a nationwide Canadian study, (1) researchers aimed to determine repeat HCV, Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if a disposable draping system is superior to reusable draping material in prevention of ICEDIs and hence lowering of the, Consider using non-sterile gloves during minor skin excisions (even those that require sutures) because the, In understanding the transmission dynamics in area-specific malaria epidemiological studies, the determination of Plasmodium sporozoite, A FREE screening service in Coventry has been rolled out by a sexual health charity to slash the HIV. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. outlier a value substantively or statistically different from all (or approximately all) of the other values in a distribution. In this case, denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. rates of hiv aids. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. is given by: where The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had great societal and health consequences. For example, the 5th percentile is a cut point with 5% of the observations below it and the remaining 95% above it. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). epidemiologic triad the traditional model of infectious disease causation having three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together so that disease occurs. Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. scale, ordinal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have a distinct order but no numerical distance between their possible values (e.g., stage of cancer, I, II, III, or IV). Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. years of potential life lost (YPLL) a measure of the impact of premature death on a population, calculated as the sum of the differences between a predetermined minimally acceptable age (e.g., 65 years or current life expectancy) and the age at death for everyone who died earlier than that age. The null hypothesis is used in conjunction with statistical testing. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. asymmetrical a type of distribution where the shape to the right and left of the central location is not the same. 3. As a number of major countries have now transitioned to weekly updates, there is no need anymore for immediate updates throughout the day as soon as a new report is released. bar chart, 100% component a stacked bar chart in which all bars or columns are the same length, and the measured axis represents 0%100%. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. seasonality change in physiologic status or in the occurrence of a disease, chronic condition, or type of injury that conforms to a regular seasonal pattern. outbreak, propagated an outbreak that spreads from person to person rather than from a common source. sample, representative a sample whose characteristics correspond to those of the original or reference population. virulence the ability of an infectious agent to cause severe disease, measured as the proportion of persons with the disease who become severely ill or die. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. Synonymsfor Infection rate 35 other terms for infection rate- words and phrases with similar meaning Lists synonyms antonyms definitions sentences thesaurus phrases suggest new cancer rates contamination level high prevalence hiv infection hiv prevalence hiv-infection rate incidence rate infection rates level of contamination level of infection Retinopathy. The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Data Tracker Home Cases, Deaths, & Testing Case & Death Demographic Trends Vaccination Distribution & Coverage Vaccine Effectiveness & Breakthrough Surveillance Health Equity Pediatric Pregnancy People at Increased Risk Wastewater Surveillance Health Care Settings Social Impact & Prevention Variants & Genomic Surveillance Antibody Seroprevalence Post-COVID Conditions Traveler-Based Genomic . mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. The distinction between the two is clear (now). Emma Thorne Drugs used to target HER2-positive invasive breast cancer may also be successful in treating women in the first stages of the disease, researchers at The University of Q. The maximum rate of exhalation during a forced expiration, measured in liters per second or liters per minute. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. This supplement is also designed to provide bladder control support to individuals tired of visiting the bathroom ten times a day. to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's class performance. Found 2 synonyms 1. infection rate 2. Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. person-time rate the incidence rate calculated as the number of new cases among a population divided by the cumulative person-time of that population, usually expressed as the number of events per persons per unit of time. false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). bias, selection systematic difference in the enrollment of participants in a study that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? {\displaystyle 1/A} Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. Parts of speech URI: abbreviation for upper respiratory infection. contribucin municipal, impuestos municipales, , . antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. So even though cases overall grew, hospitalizations and deaths were down and that makes sense because younger people are more likely to experience mild or symptom-free, In other words, its hard to predict how many people might die of widespread, Some feared coming to work while others walked out of plants to protest the lack of, Data gathered in West Africa and elsewhere during the 1990s also built a case that BCG vaccination, in addition to preventing tuberculosis, protected people from a broad set of, They also refer to a recent study in Syrian hamsters that also suggested masking results in milder, Moving forward, medical innovation can play a substantial role in controlling and preventing, Thats still above the national average for new, THE NEW COVID-19 CASE SURGE IN EUROPE, EXPLAINED. syndrome a combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear cause (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome). Solve Now. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. Usually, one variable represents a health outcome, and one represents an exposure or personal characteristic. 1 surveillance, active public health surveillance in which the health agency solicits reports. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! The comparison group provides an estimate of the background or expected incidence of disease (in a cohort study) or exposure (in a case-control study). This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. trend movement or change in frequency over time, usually upwards or downwards. statistical significance the measure of how likely it is that a set of study results could have occurred by chance alone. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. Incidence rate is calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided either by the average population (usually mid-period) or by the cumulative person-time the population was at risk. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. morbidity disease; any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. According to the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, nearly 25% of eighth-graders, 31% of 10th-graders and 31% of 12th-graders reported seeing someone around their age pressure someone else to kiss, touch. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to other countries in the world. Typically, for a case to be confirmed, a person must have a positive result from laboratory tests. prospective study see study, prospective. statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. It's flattering to know other clubs seem to rate me. Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. 2. a certain amount of one thing considered in relation to a unit of another thing: at the rate of 60 miles an hour. In calculating postneonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births during the same period.. mortality rate, postneonatal the mortality rate for children from age 28 days up to, but not including, 1 year. an infecting agency or influence. Based on this situation, temporary measures such as immigration inspections have been implemented since December 30, 2022 to avoid a sharp increase in the inflow of COVID-19 into Japan, and flexible responses will be taken while monitoring the infection situation in China. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together.