The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. 7 8 Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. 2014 Sep;5(9):2324-30. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00319e. Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. All authors have consented to the submission of this manuscript for publication. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. (2008). Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. J Cosmet Laser Ther. osmotic pressure or light scattering). Drug Deliv. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. J. Braz. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. government site. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. National Library of Medicine Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. We observe that this maximum radius is below ; Weisz, J. Expert Rev Med Devices. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. 2012;101(8):28619. The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan. Ubbelohde, Leo. Macromolecules. Biological skin substitutes for wound cover and closure. Changes in the Mark-Houwink hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810. The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. (2008). Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, For Research Use Only. Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Formul. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. Pathan IB, Setty CM. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. 2009;6(4):34354. Recent Pat. 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. of different origins. ACS Nano. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Stenekes, R.J.H. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. Polymer molecular weight distribution. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. J Control Release. Cite this article. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Chem. Ind. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. ; Hogan, M.P. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Beer, M.U. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. WebFITC Products. Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Keywords: intrinsic viscosity, dextrans, Mark-Houwink parameters, hydrodynamic, temperature, Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry, 2013 1 (1), In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. Durand, A. Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. ; Bataille, B. Materiaux 1-5. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should Springer Editions. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. ; Prasad, D.H.L. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. 2012;27(3):20212. Kumar SV, Tarun P, Kumar TA. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Article The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. Guner, Ali (1999). Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). Learn More. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Epub 2012 May 28. Exp Cell Res. ; Bos, G.W. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. ; van Nostrum, C.F. The site is secure. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. 2019;26(1):25261. Dependence on Concentration. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Viswanath, D.S. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. 2012;87(6):1728. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. J. Radiofrequency with microneedling. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. (2003). Charge: Anionic. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Advances in Cosmetic Surgery. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L.